Abstract
We herein present the results of a study on the novel fabrication process of uniform and homogeneous semiconducting polymer layers, in this case hole-injecting and fluorescent light-emitting layers that were produced by a simple solution-coating process for 3D conformal organic light-emitting diodes (3D OLEDs) on curvilinear surfaces. The solution-coating process used was a newly developed method of vortex-flow-assisted solution-coating with the support of spinning of the coating solution. It is shown that the vortex-flow-assisted spin-coating process can produce high-quality thin films at nanoscale thicknesses by controlling the liquid surface of the coating solutions, which can easily be adjusted by changing the spinning speed, even on complex curvilinear surfaces, i.e., a quasi-omnidirectional coating. This excellent film-forming ability without any serious film defects is mainly due to the reduction of line tension among the solution, air, and the substrate at the contact line due to vortex flows of the coating solution on the substrate during the vortex-spin-coating process. As a proof of concept, we present vortex-spin-coated 3D OLEDs fabricated on bi-convex lens substrates which exhibit excellent device performance with high brightness and current efficiency levels comparable to those of a conventional spin-coated 2D planar OLED on a flat substrate. It is also shown that the EL emission from the 3D OLED on the bi-convex lens substrate exhibits a diffusive Lambertian radiation pattern. The results here demonstrate that the vortex-flow-assisted spin-coating process is a promising approach for producing efficient and reliable next-generation OLEDs for 3D conformal opto-electronics.
Highlights
We present the results of a study on the novel fabrication process of uniform and homogeneous semiconducting polymer layers, in this case hole-injecting and fluorescent light-emitting layers that were produced by a simple solution-coating process for 3D conformal organic light-emitting diodes (3D OLEDs) on curvilinear surfaces
As a proof of concept, we present vortex-spin-coated 3D OLEDs fabricated on bi-convex lens substrates which exhibit excellent device performance with a solution-processable hole-injecting polymer (poly doped poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT:PSS) as a hole-injecting layer (HIL) and a yellow-emitting copolymer (Super yellow, known as SY) as a light-emitting layer (EML)
We verified that this process can produce high-quality thin films on curvilinear surfaces by utilizing the dewetting behaviour of the vortex surface of the coating solution, which can be controlled by adjusting the important parameter of the spinning speed
Summary
We present the results of a study on the novel fabrication process of uniform and homogeneous semiconducting polymer layers, in this case hole-injecting and fluorescent light-emitting layers that were produced by a simple solution-coating process for 3D conformal organic light-emitting diodes (3D OLEDs) on curvilinear surfaces. Examples include spin coating[3,4,5], screen printing[15,16], bar-coating[17], blade coating[18,19], slot-die coating[20,21], horizontal-dip coating[22,23], inkjet printing[24], or brush coatings[25], together with the vacuum thermal evaporation method[1,2] The most of these methods can produce uniformly thin layers of organic/polymeric materials mainly on a flat and planar substrate, such as a silicon wafer or glass plate, and several advantages of these coating techniques have been documented. The advances described here can pave the way towards 3D conformal electronics; the interesting performance capabilities of these devices as a 3D OLED and/or 3D lighting creation add to their appeal
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