Unified spin gauge theories of the four fundamental forces

Abstract

This paper is divided into three sections. In the first section we consider the principles of spin gauge theories which includes the differences between them and standard gauge theories. Some of these principles may be familiar to those who have seen the proceedings of the previous workshop [1]. However, since then we have adopted a new principle relating to the fermion mass terms in the Lagrangian. The mass term is ‘factorised’ and what we call the ‘frame field’ is introduced into the covariant derivative. The presence of the frame field in the resultant ‘extended covariant derivative’ has a remarkable effect: it gives rise to mass terms for the bosons mediating the interactions and also to the gravitational Lagrangian. Originally included as a mass term for the fermions, the frame field ultimately is connected to bosonic mass and gravity. This connection does not require symmetry breaking and the Higgs-Kibble mechanism.