Unified Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolskii method under a critical condition

Abstract

A modified and compact form of Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolskii (KBM) unified method is extended to obtain approximate solution of an nth order, n=2,3,…, ordinary differential equation with small nonlinearities when unperturbed equation has some repeated real eigenvalues. The existing unified method is used when the eigenvalues are distinct whether they are purely imaginary or complex or real. The new form is presented generalizing all the previous formulae derived individually for second-, third- and fourth-order equations to obtain undamped, damped, over-damped and critically damped solutions. Therefore, all types of oscillatory and non-oscillatory solutions are determined by suitable substitution of the eigenvalues in a general result. The formulation of the method is very simple and the determination of the solution is easy. The method is illustrated by an example of a fourth-order equation when unperturbed equation has two real and equal eigenvalues. The solution agrees with a numerical solution nicely. Moreover, this solution is useful when the differences between conjugate eigenvalues (real or complex) are small. Thus the method is a complement of the existing modified and compact form of KBM method.