Abstract
The quantum origin of the cuprate pseudogap is a central conundrum of condensed matter physics. Although many symmetry-broken scenarios were previously proposed, universal quantitative relationships have been rarely studied. Here, we report a unified energy law underlying the pseudogap, which determines the scattering rate, pseudogap energy, and its onset temperature, with a quadratic scaling of the wavevector of density wave order (DWO). The law is validated by data from over one hundred samples, and a further prediction that the master order of pseudogap transforms from fluctuating spin to charge DWO is also confirmed. Furthermore, the energy law enables our derivation of the well-known linear scalings for the resistivity of the strange metal phase and the transition temperature of the superconducting phase. Finally, it is concluded that fluctuating orders provide a critical bridge linking microscopic spectra to macroscopic transport, showing promise for the quantification of other strongly correlated materials.
Highlights
The quantum origin of the cuprate pseudogap is a central conundrum of condensed matter physics
density wave order (DWO) generates phason modes to induce carrier scattering, which requires conservation of k and k0 are the initial momentum as k0 and final states, 1⁄4k q is þq the þ nQo, phason where wavevector, and n is a nonzero integer
Complementary to current theories focusing on intertwined mechanisms of various orders[8,9,11,12,13], we here uncover a universal energy law linking the pseudogap and the DWO, namely, all three pseudogap energy scales have a quadratic scaling with the DWO wavevector
Summary
The quantum origin of the cuprate pseudogap is a central conundrum of condensed matter physics. It was demonstrated that a partially melted unidirectional DWO (either spin or charge) could generate a vestigial nematic phase[13] In this context, using elaborate data analysis, various experiments were performed to achieve precise measurements of energy scales and wavevectors associated with a charge density wave (CDW), revealing an intimate link among CDWs, the nematic order, and the pseudogap. By analysing tunnelling conductance from distinct regions of momentum space, Mukhopadhyay et al identified energies characterizing the CDW, nematicity, and pseudogap in Bi-2212 and found that they are identical[16], which suggested that the pseudogap may originate from highly disordered unidirectional DWO This viewpoint was further supported by more recent observations from scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM)
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