Unification of late- and early-time acceleration, with that of the intermediate eras, by scalar fields

Abstract

In this work we shall investigate how to realize a cosmological evolution which describes all the evolution eras of our Universe, by using scalar-tensor theories. Particularly, we shall use single scalar and two-scalar theories, and by employing several well known reconstruction schemes, we shall investigate which scalar-tensor theories can realize the unification cosmology. For both the single and two-scalar theories, we find the kinetic terms and the potential of the theory and we also address the issue of the stability of the solutions towards linear perturbations. As we show, in the two-scalar description no instabilities occur, but in the single scalar description, certain solutions are unstable. Also we demonstrate that in the single scalar case, the power spectrum corresponding to early times is nearly scale invariant and compatible with the latest observational data. Finally, we perform an analysis of the effective equation of state, and we show that the EoS describes in a unified way early and late-time acceleration, and in addition it also describes the radiation and matter domination era between the acceleration eras.