Abstract
The controllability of photonic setups is strongly related to how coherently their outputs react to changes in their inputs; such a generic concept is treated in the case of films comprising multilayers of tilted optical axes, under visible light. The optimized designs incorporate ordinary metals or semiconductors while being able to achieve practically all the combinations of reflected, transmitted and absorbed power within the passivity limits. Importantly, most of the proposed structures exhibit substantial robustness to manufacturing defects and are fabricable with various methods. Therefore, they can make indispensable pieces of integrated photonic systems by improving their light-controlling operation for applications ranging from steering and electrodynamic switching to filtering and optical signal processing.
Highlights
Reflectivity ρ transmissivity rd τ d τ 1 perfect matching θ λ visible light ε φY X y x h (a) feasible combinations perfect absorption
As far as the materials used for the multilayers are concerned, we regard several commonly used metals or semiconductors and optimize the configuration with respect to its volume fraction and the tilt of its optical axis; similar approaches of trying-and-testing lists from available media have been followed to determine the best crystals supporting hyperbolic light d ispersion[23] or the best bilayers for polarization e ngineering[24]
Almost perfect controllability is achieved for many bulk media and with thicknesses equal to some tens of nanometers; importantly, the controllability of the obtained optimized designs does not significantly drop in the occurence of fabrication defects
Summary
Reflectivity ρ transmissivity rd τ d τ 1 perfect matching θ λ visible light ε φY X y x h (a) feasible combinations perfect absorption. We consider a layered structure whose effective permittivities make a uniaxial film and the controllability concerns, in a combined way, both reflectivity and transmissivity. We define the controllability factor as the portion of all the combinations of reflected and transmitted power (under the passivity assumption) that our design can generate if excited by all possible directions and colors of the visible light. As far as the materials used for the multilayers are concerned, we regard several commonly used metals or semiconductors and optimize the configuration with respect to its volume fraction and the tilt of its optical axis; similar approaches of trying-and-testing lists from available media have been followed to determine the best crystals supporting hyperbolic light d ispersion[23] or the best bilayers for polarization e ngineering[24]. The reported robust and easy-to-fabricate setups are those that exhibit the most enriched dynamics in the presence of visible light and may play important role as ultra-performing components in photonic integrated systems covering a broad range of applications from optical signal processing and imaging to beam forming and light steering
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