Unfolding Remedial Targets for Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Dementia also termed as memory loss is due to the functional impairment of behavior and cognition in people aged 65 years and above. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most occurring neurodegenerative disorder around the globe and its estimated that about 47 million people are affected by this disease and is expected to increase to 62% by the end of 2030. It is characterized by the intracellular neuro-fibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques, and deficiency cholinergic neurons and cholinergic transmission. Alzheimer's disease is due to many reasons. The early-onset Alzheimer's disease, an uncommon form of disease, which pursues an autosomaldominant model in most of cases with mutations recognized in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin (PS) 1 and 2. The late-onset Alzheimer's disease, an erratic form of disease, which affects over 90% of patients with different genetic makeup and the associated risk factors are studied by different genetic studies and bioinformatic methods. These findings gave us deeper insights about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and also in the advancement of newer therapeutic pathways and clinical trial designs. Presently available drugs are gives only symptomatic relief to the patients such as reversible acetylcholinestrase inhibitors Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist like Memantine. Many compounds are still under preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the pathology of Alzheimer's. The Recent studies target the formation and aggregation of amyloid plaques, inhibition of tau formation, stabilization of tau proteins, gene therapy and stem cell therapy. In this review summarises the current management and new approaches in the management of Alzheimer's disease.