Abstract
The fast growth of the energy storage and electric vehicle industries in recent years has produced an enormous amount of end-of-life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To achieve faster leaching kinetics, traditional hydrometallurgical recovery of EoL LIBs cathodes requires complex pre-treatment processes to liberate cathode active powders from cathode sheets. Nevertheless, utilizing the cathode sheets rather than the cathode powders results in unexpected enhanced leaching of EoL LIBs during the initial stage. To reveal the mechanism for this unexpected phenomenon, a series of electrochemical experiments are designed. The self-driven enhanced leaching mechanism is proposed and verified with delicately designed electrochemical experiments and thermodynamic calculations. Based on this mechanism, an innovative galvanic cell recovery method is constructed to achieve effective leaching of valuable metals from both cathode and anode sheets simultaneously without chemical reducing agents and complex pre-treatment processes. This research provides novel ideas for the comprehensive recycling of EoL LIBs to improve economics and environmental sustainability.
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