Unexpected Formation of a [4]Radialene and Dendralenes by Addition of Tetracyanoethylene to a Tetraaryl[5]cumulene

Abstract

The use of cumulenes in synthetic transformations offers the possibility to form structurally interesting and potentially useful conjugated molecules. The cycloaddition reaction of a tetraaryl[5]cumulene with the electron-deficient olefin tetracyanoethylene affords unusual products, including functionalized dendralenes and alkylidene cyclobutanes, as well as a symmetric [4]radialene that shows unique solvatochromism, with λ(max) values approaching the near-IR region. These carbon-rich products have been investigated spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallographic analysis (five structures). The cycloaddition reaction sequence has also been explored by mechanistic and theoretical studies. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the potential of [5]cumulenes to serve as precursors for unprecedented conjugated structures.