应对气候和生态环境危机促进全球可持续发展——UNEP与自然和谐共处报告简述

Abstract

2021年2月18日，联合国环境署发布《与自然和谐共处：应对气候、生物多样性和污染危机的科学蓝图》。报告指出：气候变化、生物多样性下降和环境污染已经成为全球三大环境紧急情况；人与自然关系面临着社会经济发展压力加剧环境风险、遏制环境恶化的全球承诺尚未兑现、环境风险威胁可持续发展目标等多重挑战；全球亟需开展以联合国可持续发展目标为框架的系统变革，加快应对全球环境危机的重点行动，改革资源环境和经济系统，提高粮食、能源和水系统的环境友好性与可持续性，加强对人体健康与生态环境健康的协同保护，进而推动人与自然的和谐共处以及可持续发展。该报告结合全球环境评估的最新进展，强调了社会-经济-环境可持续发展仍是未来的重要研究课题，对我国社会-生态系统与可持续发展等领域的科学研究有如下启示：（1）创新社会-生态系统的综合集成研究，探寻不同发展路径和气候变化情景下社会-生态系统时空演变特征与趋势；（2）注重科学研究对决策的支撑以及与国际重大议程的衔接，探索和创新可持续发展的中国方案。;On 18 February, 2021, the United Nations Environment Programme released “Making Peace with Nature: A Scientific Blueprint to Tackle the Climate, Biodiversity and Pollution Emergencies”. The report points out that: 1) climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution have become the three global environmental emergencies; 2) The relationship between human beings and nature faces multiple challenges, such as social and economic development pressures exacerbating environmental risks, unfulfilled global commitments to curb environmental degradation, and environmental risks threatening sustainable development goals; 3) We should carry out the reform based on the sustainable development goals, speed up the response to the global environment crisis, optimize resource environment and economic system, improve the environmental friendliness and sustainability of food-energy-water system, protect human health and the earth’s health coordinately, thus promote the harmonious coexistence and sustainable development of human-nature system. Combining with the latest progress of global environmental assessment, the report emphasizes that socio-economic and environmental sustainable development is still an important research topic in the future, and has the following implications for scientific research in the fields of socio-ecological system and sustainable development in China: 1) Innovating the integrated research of socio-ecological systems and exploring their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics under different development paths and climate change scenarios. 2) Focusing on the support of scientific research for policy-making and its linkage with major international agendas, and exploring and innovating China’s solutions for sustainable development.