Abstract
Three types of undrained behavior: flow, limited flow and non-flow have been observed for sands. According to critical state soil mechanics (CSSM), these types of behavior depend on the initial state of sands. 3D discrete element method (DEM) was used in this study to simulate these undrained behaviors. Soil elements consisted of assemblies of 3D ellipsoid particles were used as soil element. The effects of both contact stiffness and the strain rate in terms of time step were investigated on undrained behavior. The micro-mechanical response, as measured by coordination number showed a relationship with the key types of behavior. Finally, the undrained responses were evaluated within a critical state soil mechanics framework as obtained from the DEM simulations.
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