Undiagnosed Case of Ventricular Septal Syndrome with Eisenmenger Syndrome and Epistaxis Presentation

Abstract

Eisenmenger syndrome is a rare irreversible cardiac condition as a consequence of increased Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). This causes a reversal of flow and cyanosis. This pulmonary arterial condition developed because of unrestricted pulmonary flow. It is seen mostly in unrepaired acyanotic congenital cardiac defects with an initial left to right shunt. The common conditions are large Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD), and atrial septal defect. The patient presented with cyanosis and worsening exertional dyspnoea due to the reversal of the shunt. It can be prevented with early diagnosis and by successfully repairing the defect. The mode of diagnosis is a good physical examination and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. This case report is about an 11-year-old female patient who presented with a complaint of exertional dyspnoea for five years. She had very low oxygen saturation on room air when presented in the paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD). She went for 2D echocardiography as her physical examination and laboratory investigation were not supporting any diagnosis. Her echocardiography (echo) showed large sub-aortic VSD with Eisenmenger complex and prescribed tablet Sildenafil. On the next day of admission, her dyspnoea improved, and maintained saturation without oxygen of 96-97%. She was successfully discharged and called for regular follow-up.