Abstract
Rapid development of nanotechnology in processes of metal nanoparticle immobilization on solid surfaces, especially polymeric ones, requires the study of particular issues within these complex approaches. Numerous studies have been published on laser light mediated manipulation with single metal nanoparticles in water environment and even laser assisted immobilization of such particles on polymeric substrate, however, not much has been reported on fundamentals of underwater laser processing of polymer itself, especially regarding to resulting surface morphology and chemistry. In this work, we study surface morphology (atomic force microscopy (AFM)) and chemistry (angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS)) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) after underwater laser treatment in broad scale of applied laser fluencies and operating voltages. Due to typical dependence of laser efficiency on operating voltage, induced nanostructures on PET exhibited a noticeable symmetry spread out around the maxima of laser efficiency for low laser fluencies. The study of surface chemistry revealed that at high laser fluencies, photochemical decomposition of macromolecular polymer structure took place, resulting in rapid material ablation and in balanced chemical composition of the surface throughout the studied profile. Enrichment of the water bath by the low-molecular polymer degradation products proves that ablation mechanism is the governing process of surface nanostructure formation in underwater laser processing.
Highlights
With the development of new approaches of nanoparticle immobilization on polymer surfaces, especially those driven by forward-directed scattering forces in colloid solutions [1], the need to thoroughly investigate laser to polymer interaction in a water environment becomes of fundamental importance
We report on investigation of surface morphology and chemistry of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) after underwater treatment with excimer KrF laser in broad scale of applied laser andoperating operatingvoltages voltages(19–29 (19–29 kV)
In this work we studied surface morphology and chemistry of polyethylene terephthalate after underwater laser processing in broad scale of applied laser fluencies and operating voltages
Summary
With the development of new approaches of nanoparticle immobilization on polymer surfaces, especially those driven by forward-directed scattering forces in colloid solutions [1], the need to thoroughly investigate laser to polymer interaction in a water environment becomes of fundamental importance. Many theoretical models have been suggested to describe the processes at the water–polymer interface during laser treatment, experimental studies, addressing this issue in detail, are either missing or date back to early 1990s, which hinders comparison of obtained data to modern analytical outputs of present science. Several models of laser heating of polymers in air have been suggested so far. These include photothermal models [2,3], especially for higher wavelength radiation (such as for infrared lasers). In case of UV lasers, models based.
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