Underwater Image Enhancement Quality Evaluation: Benchmark Dataset and Objective Metric

Abstract

Due to the attenuation and scattering of light by water, there are many quality defects in raw underwater images such as color casts, decreased visibility, reduced contrast, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> . Many different underwater image enhancement (UIE) algorithms have been proposed to enhance underwater image quality. However, how to fairly compare the performance among UIE algorithms remains a challenging problem. So far, the lack of comprehensive human subjective user study with large-scale benchmark dataset and reliable objective image quality assessment (IQA) metric makes it difficult to fully understand the true performance of UIE algorithms. We in this paper make efforts in both subjective and objective aspects to fill these gaps. Firstly, we construct a new Subjectively-Annotated UIE benchmark Dataset (SAUD) which simultaneously provides real-world raw underwater images, readily available enhanced results by representative UIE algorithms, and subjective ranking scores of each enhanced result. Secondly, we propose an effective No-reference (NR) Underwater Image Quality metric (NUIQ) to automatically evaluate the visual quality of enhanced underwater images. Experiments on the constructed SAUD dataset demonstrate the superiority of our proposed NUIQ metric, achieving higher consistency with subjective rankings than 22 mainstream NR-IQA metrics. The dataset and source code will be made available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/yia-yuese/SAUD-Dataset</uri> .