Abstract
Common methods of ocean remote sensing and seafloor surveying are mainly carried out by airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral imagers. However, the water column hinders the propagation of sunlight to deeper areas, thus limiting the scope of observation. As an emerging technology, underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) is an extension of hyperspectral imaging technology in air conditions, and is undergoing rapid development for applications in shallow and deep-sea environments. It is a close-range, high-resolution approach for detecting and mapping the seafloor. In this paper, we focus on the concepts of UHI technology, covering imaging systems and the correction methods of eliminating the water column’s influence. The current applications of UHI, such as deep-sea mineral exploration, benthic habitat mapping, and underwater archaeology, are highlighted to show the potential of this technology. This review can provide an introduction and overview for those working in the field and offer a reference for those searching for literature on UHI technology.
Highlights
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising spectral imaging method based on reflection characteristics, which can provide a three-dimensional dataset of scenes, including the information of two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension [1]
Water Benthic Habitat Mapping correctly and the results indicated that underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) has the potential to be used in the health monitoring of marine organisms and the assessment of environmental deterioration
unmanned surface vehicle (USV) was easy to be deployed and handled, Mogstad et al [85] attempted to deploy the underwater hyperspectral imager on an unmanned and it could be operated in shallower areas, which are usually inaccessible to autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and remotely operated vehicle (ROV)
Summary
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising spectral imaging method based on reflection characteristics, which can provide a three-dimensional dataset of scenes, including the information of two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension [1]. Underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) in applications of underwater environmental investigations have induced the interest of many researchers. UHI provides a new way to produce high-quality descriptions of underwater sediments, minerals, benthic habitats, and heritage sites [24], and can be used in further researches areas, such as deep-sea mineral exploration [25], benthic habitat mapping [26], and underwater archaeology [27]. The focus of this article is introducing and explaining UHI technology and providing an overview of the literature on the UHI system, correction methods of eliminating the water column’s influence, and applications in underwater investigation. We discuss application scenes of typical UHI systems and attempt to assess the future trend of UHI technology in the field of underwater applications
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