Abstract
Three-phase induction motors (IMs) are electrical machines used on a large scale in industrial applications because they are versatile, robust and low maintenance devices. However, IMs are significantly affected when fed by unbalanced voltages. Prolonged operation under voltage unbalance (VU) conditions degrades performance and shortens machine life by producing imbalances in stator currents that abnormally raise winding temperature. With the development of new technologies and research on non-destructive techniques (NDT) for fault diagnoses in IMs, it is relevant to obtain economically accessible, efficient and reliable sensors capable of acquiring signals that allow the identification of this type of failure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors in the acquisition of acoustic emission (AE) signals and the identification of VU through the analysis of short-term Fourier transform (STFT) spectrograms. The piezoelectric sensor makes NDT feasible, as it is an affordable and inexpensive component. In addition, STFT allows time-frequency analyses of acoustic emission signals. In this NDT, two sensors were coupled on both sides of an induction motor frame. The AE signals obtained during the IM operation were processed and the resulting spectrograms were analyzed to identify the different VU levels. After comparing the AE signals for faulty conditions with the signals for the IM operating at balanced voltages, it was possible to obtain a desired identification that confirmed the successful application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors for VU condition detection in three-phase induction machines.
Highlights
Due to its easy adaptation to different applications, three-phase induction motors (TIMs) are widely used in industries
Signals provided by the piezoelectric sensors through a spectrogram and comparing the power contained in this frequency range with its baseline value, this method allowed to identify the unbalanced voltages applied to the TIM
Three-phase induction motors are often exposed to unbalanced voltages during their operation
Summary
Due to its easy adaptation to different applications, three-phase induction motors (TIMs) are widely used in industries. There is a high demand for continuous and reliable monitoring of their operational parameters. One such parameter is the supply voltage of the machine. When exposed to VU, TIMs present high currents in affected phases which produces torque oscillations, winding overheating, power loss and loud audible noise [2]. These oscillations can lead to deterioration of the mechanical parts of the induction motor, as well as insulation wearing in the stator windings
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