Underutilization of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) intensification for the treatment of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): A systematic review of real-world database studies.

Abstract

66 Background: In the last decade, intensification of ADT with chemotherapy or androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPi) has shown clinical benefits for men with mHSPC compared to ADT alone and has been recommended for mHSPC in clinical guidelines. The transition of these guidelines into real-world practice was investigated by several studies; however, these data have not been systematically summarized across the globe. Thus, we conducted a systematic literature review of real-world database (RWD) studies to summarize treatment patterns in mHSPC. Methods: An electronic search was performed in PubMed and Embase (covering citations until July 2023) and for relevant conferences of the past 2 years to identify RWD studies examining treatment patterns in men with mHSPC. Treatment patterns were summarized by overall study population across major geographies and factors associated with ADT intensification were described. Results: Of 2,325 retrieved citations, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 344,473 men with mHSPC covering study periods from 2014 to 2021. Most were cohort studies (n=26), utilizing electronic medical records (EMR)/chart reviews (n=18), and with RWDs from the United States (US) (n=21), followed by Europe (n=8), and Asia (n=6). Most studies included men with a median age of ≥70 years (n=23) and >80% of men had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0/1 (n=5 of 8). In the US, most studies showed that ADT monotherapy was predominantly utilized (>50%), followed by ADT/ARPi (20-40%), and ADT/chemotherapy (10-20%). Abiraterone was the most frequently used ARPi followed by enzalutamide. In Europe, most studies also reported ADT monotherapy (>45%), followed by ADT/ARPi (11-25%), or ADT/chemotherapy (12-34%). In Asia, ADT monotherapy (>62%) was the most common treatment in most studies, with low use of ADT/ARPIs (<20%), and ADT/chemotherapy (<15%). A few studies with recent EMR data (covering the 2020-21 data period) from cancer centers/registries showed high use of ADT/ARPi (>40%) in both the US and Europe. Reported quantitative factors (n=13) associated with intensification beyond ADT were high disease burden (spread of metastases, high volume), young age, ECOG PS 0/1, low comorbidities, and treating physician specialty-oncologist; qualitative factors (n=2) were patient preference, unsatisfactory response to ADT treatment, ability to tolerate adverse events, and lack of cost barriers. Conclusions: This comprehensive review shows ADT monotherapy remained highly utilized across major geographies until 2021 despite new evidence and updated guideline recommendations. However, the utilization of intensified treatment with ARPi combinations is slowly increasing after the recent approvals in mHSPC.