Abstract
Understory vegetation accounts for the majority of plant species diversity and serves as a driver of overstory succession and nutrient cycling in boreal forest ecosystems. However, investigations of the underlying assembly processes of understory vegetation associated with stand development following a wildfire disturbance are rare, particularly in Eurasian boreal forests. In this study, we measured the phylogenetic and functional diversity and trait dispersions of understory communities and tested how these patterns changed with stand age in the Great Xing'an Mountains of Northeastern China. Contrary to our expectation, we found that understory functional traits were phylogenetically convergent. We found that random patterns of phylogenetic, functional, and trait dispersions were dominant for most of our surveyed plots, indicating that stochastic processes may play a crucial role in the determination of understory community assembly. Yet, there was an evidence that understory community assembly was also determined by competitive exclusion and environmental filtering to a certain degree, which was demonstrated by the observed clustered phylogenetic and functional patterns in some plots. Our results showed that phylogenetic diversity significantly decreased, while functional diversity increased with stand age. The observed shift trends in phylogenetic and functional patterns between random to clustering along with stand age, which suggested that understory community assembly shifted from stochasticity to competitive exclusion and environmental filtering. Our study presented a difference to community assembly and species coexistence theories insisted solely on deterministic processes. These findings indicated that Eurasian boreal understory communities may be primarily regulated by stochastic processes, providing complementary evidence that stochastic processes are crucial in the determination of community assembly both in tropical and boreal forests.
Highlights
Wildfires are common and widespread in ecosystems, serving as a global “herbivore” in the determination of plant distribution, and community composition (Bond and Keeley, 2005)
Four functional traits (LA, LCC, LNC, and SLA) were more conserved than the those predicted by a random association, whereas LDMC and PH were closer to zero, which corresponded to a random pattern of evolution
Our study provided evidence that stochastic processes dominated in the control of boreal forest understory community assembly as shown by the observed random phylogenetic, functional and trait patterns for most plots
Summary
Wildfires are common and widespread in ecosystems, serving as a global “herbivore” in the determination of plant distribution, and community composition (Bond and Keeley, 2005). An understanding of how forest communities are assembled following wildfire, is useful to land managers in the preparation of post-fire strategies for vegetation regeneration and future fuel management. Previous studies have suggested that stochastic processes are dominant in the determination of community assembly in tropical forests (Condit et al, 2002; Chase, 2010), while niche based deterministic processes are predominant in mid-latitude temperate regions (Clark and McLachlan, 2003; Gilbert and Lechowicz, 2004)
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