Abstract
Wildlife crime has huge consequences regarding global environmental changes to animals, plants and the entire ecosystem. Combatting wildlife crime effectively requires a deep understanding of human–wildlife interactions and an analysis of the influencing factors. Conservation and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting wildlife and the ecosystem and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies. However, the past years have shown that wildlife crime is not easy to combat and it is argued in this article that there are underlying existential “givens” and culture-specific aspects that need to be investigated to understand why wildlife crime is still on the rise. This theoretical article explores (eco-)existential perspectives, Greening’s four givens and selected African philosophical concepts, aiming to understand the complexities behind the prevalence of wildlife crime within global and African contexts.
Highlights
Human–animal studies have gained interest during recent years, focusing on exploring the relationships between humans and animals from different theoretical and methodological perspectives [1,2,3]
Researchers from the Global South have called for a specific southern green criminology perspective recently, focusing in particular on aspects ofcolonialization; the epistemological contributions of the marginalised, impoverished in Southern Africa science and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting the ecosystem and wildlife and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies—
Mungwini [125] reflects, that the concept of determinism is critical with regard to self-determinism and self-liberation, emphasizing that African philosophy “has positioned itself at the centre of the struggle for justice and self-determination” [125], The struggle is placed within the emancipatory urge, African identity and context–orientation discourses, whereby African philosophy seems to hide behind abstract quests for knowledge without taking practical and ethical commitments into consideration [125]
Summary
Human–animal studies have gained interest during recent years, focusing on exploring the relationships between humans and animals from different theoretical and methodological perspectives [1,2,3]. Researchers from the Global South have called for a specific southern green criminology perspective recently, focusing in particular on aspects of (de-)colonialization; the epistemological contributions of the marginalised, impoverished in Southern Africa science and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting the ecosystem and wildlife and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies—. This article uses Greening’sand [1]community/isolation—as four dialectical existential givens—life/death, analyse the psychological and philosophical ideas underlying the continuing and even meaning/absurdity, freedom/determinism and community/isolation—as a guiding framework accelerating rates of wildlife crime. The discourse on human–animal interactions from to analyse the psychological and philosophical ideas underlying the continuing and even existential and African perspectives aimsdiscourse to improve is accelerating rates of wildlife crime. Based on the new theoretical insights, practical approaches to wildlife and wildlife crime will be discussed and eco-existential and African perspectives addressing wildlife crime will be presented. Based on the new theoretical insights, practical approaches to addressing wildlife Background crime will be presented
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