Abstract
The bicycle is a forgotten and neglected mode of transport even though it offers numerous individual, social, and environmental benefits over motorised transport. This research seeks to determine the factors influencing students to use bicycles for commuting and focuses on the strategies that encourage bicycling in a university setting. This study proposes the novel model framework by adopting Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour. We modified the theory of planned behaviour by adding two new constructs, perceived barriers and habit. The respondents in this study are 422 students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in Selangor, Malaysia. The structural equation model in this study showed that the main attitudinal constructs, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, have a significant positive and direct influence on the students’ willingness to cycle. In addition, the perceived barriers have a profound negative and indirect impact on behaviour intention through attitude, perceived behavioural control and habit. The perceived barriers did not have a significant influence on the subjective norms. However, habit has a profound positive and direct effect on three main attitudinal constructs (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control). This element could indirectly influence the behaviour intention of cycling in a university setting. Finally, this study has identified the physical, educational and economic policies for promoting bicycle use on university setting. It also contributes beneficial information that authorities, policymakers, planners and researchers could use to formulate effective strategies for increasing bicycle use on university setting and promote green and sustainable university settings.
Highlights
IntroductionAccording to Balsas [2], a university setting developed temporary societies with a complete human scale
The values of GFI, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), normed fit index (NFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) for the measurement model in this study amounted to 0.951, 0.932, 0.954, and 0.964, respectively, which were accepted as stated by Ibrahim et al [25] and Yilmaz and Ari [77]
This study found that perceived barriers could indirectly alter individual intentions, such as the intentions of cycling in a university setting through attitude, perceived behavioural control, and habit
Summary
According to Balsas [2], a university setting developed temporary societies with a complete human scale. This phenomenon led to the regard of the university setting as the ideal example of ‘people place’. While other areas, such as technology parks, ports, hospitals and industrial estates were created, the university campus involved a high concentration of human activity. A high number of trips were made from the university area regularly [3] Overall, this finding was in line with Shannon et al [4], who mentioned that the university setting was a large educational and research institution consisting of community leaders and renowned trip organisers
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