Abstract
Following the Arab Spring in 2011, Yemen’s devastating conflicts have deepened even further, leading the country to be the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. Despite the international community's multiple attempts to resolve this conflict, the conflict seems to have reached a stalemate. To make matters worse, resolving the conflict is made difficult by the large number of parties involved, internally and externally, and by the complex, dual and fluid nature of the relationships they share. Although the media and international community's focus is directed towards the binary conflict between the Hadi government and Saudi Arabia on one side and Iran and the Houthis on the other, the conflict is greatly multifaceted and far from being binary. This paper critically analyzes and explores other participating actors to comprehend the root causes of the conflict entirely. Although this conflict has been advertised as a proxy war, while others trace back the motivation to sectarianism, this paper argues how this analysis can be misleading and hindering the peace process.
Highlights
Since the civil war erupted in 2015, Yemen witnessed devastating political unrest and was categorized as the worse humanitarian crisis by the United Nations
In 1986, thousands of people died in the South of Yemen in a civil war caused by power struggles and conflicts among the Yemeni Socialist Party, between Al Toghmah and Al Zomrah, led by Abdul Fattah Ismail and Ali Nasser Mohammed, respectively
Both STC and Hadi’s government work against the Houthis, their conflict is caused by Yemen's outlook, as STC calls for secession, and Hadi’s government calls for unification
Summary
Since the civil war erupted in 2015, Yemen witnessed devastating political unrest and was categorized as the worse humanitarian crisis by the United Nations. As will be stated in this paper below, Saleh’s tribalism was a major contributing factor to today’s civil war. This paper's importance and contribution come from the misaimed focus on the conflict being a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran, hindering the analytical process of understanding the roots of the conflict and stalling its resolution and prolonging humanitarian suffering. It assures that external intervention has changed the roadmap of the conflict, it is often exaggerated and said to be the sole reason for Yemen's unrest, without realizing that the most potent tension drivers are local. To pinpoint the reasons behind the failure and ineffectiveness of mediation efforts so far, this paper critically studies previous mediations and negotiations that took place and explains the factors that contributed to their defeat
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