Abstract
This study examines factors that affect the efficiency of outdoor home irrigation in the Sydney Metropolitan Area (SMA). The irrigation systems of 50 home sites were monitored, over a five-month period for flow rate, start time, duration and irrigation date. The monitoring was for quantification of the water use for lawn, garden and other garden areas, understanding of the issues and factors that affect the performance of irrigation. Results show that hand watering was the most common method, accounting for 35% of the areas irrigated by homeowners. Both portable sprinklers and microjets accounted for 20% and fixed sprinklers and drip irrigation accounting for 11% and 8% respectively. The study has implications for developing suitable urban water management strategies, and significant opportunities exist for water conservation through appropriately designed educational programs and the installation of improved irrigation systems, especially for the areas that are smaller or used for home gardens.
Highlights
BIOAUGMENTATION Basant Maheshwari SchooGl uofnStcisieHnCcieeipe&uNHrnoeialevltkahsk,5H1,aVJwaakdaekismbuTsrryBuCuaa2rm,tkBpeuavsii,bcWsa6e,LstJeiamrnaanSniysed3nJ,euyMhUaannrisivokenras7iTt,yr,OuLluogc4ak,eMd Buatger18797, Penrith South, DC, NSW 1797, Australia 1, 7Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Submit2t3edR2i1iaAsptrr..,25011051; 0acTceaprttued, E06stoAnpira. 2016 A1,b2s,t4rIancstt.iTtuhtisesotufdEy cexoalomgiyneasnfadctEorasrtthhatSacfifecntctehse, eFffaicciuenltcyy of oSuctdieonocrehaomnde iTrreicghatnionloignyt,hUe SnyidvenresyitMyeotrfoTpoalrittaun, Area (SMA)
The study has implicSatuiobnms iftotreddev6elMopainrg. s2u0i1ta2b;leaucrcbeapntewdat1er4mAaungag.e2m0e1n2t strategies, and significant opportunities exist for water conservation through appropriately designed educational programs and the installation of Abimstprarocvt.edTririnriigtarotitoonluseynsteem(Ts,NeTsp)e,caialclyomfomr tohnelyareuassedthaetxaprleosimveallfeorromr uilsietadrfyorahnodmine dguarsdtreinasl. applications, can cause seKrieoyuwsoerndvsi:rounrbmaennwtaalteproullsuet,igoanr.d2e8n-indga,ywlaabteorrmataonraygpemoteenxt,puerrbimanenirtrwigaatsiocnar, riirerdigaotuiotnapanpdlysinugstabiinoaabuilgitmy.entation using laboratory selected bacterial strains as inoculum, biostimulation with molasses and cabbage leaf extract, and phytoremediation using rye and blue fenugreek to study the effect of these treatments on TNT removal and changes in soil microbial community responsible for contaminant degradation
We observed that the key drivers motivating homeowners to participate in the study included their interest to save water and the environment, general interest in the study and a desire to learn about their water use and ways to conserve water and save on their water bill
Summary
BIOAUGMENTATION Basant Maheshwari SchooGl uofnStcisieHnCcieeipe&uNHrnoeialevltkahsk,5H1,,aVJwaakdaekismbuTsrryBuCuaa2rm,tkBpeuavsii,bcWsa6e,LstJeiamrnaanSniysed3nJ,euyMhUaannrisivokenras7iTt,yr,OuLluogc4ak,eMd Buatger18797, Penrith South, DC, NSW 1797, Australia 1, 7Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Submit2t3edR2i1iaAsptrr..,25011051; 0acTceaprttued, E06stoAnpira. 2016 A1,b2s,t4rIancstt.iTtuhtisesotufdEy cexoalomgiyneasnfadctEorasrtthhatSacfifecntctehse, eFffaicciuenltcyy of oSuctdieonocrehaomnde iTrreicghatnionloignyt,hUe SnyidvenresyitMyeotrfoTpoalrittaun, Area (SMA). S2u0i1ta2b;leaucrcbeapntewdat1er4mAaungag.e2m0e1n2t strategies, and significant opportunities exist for water conservation through appropriately designed educational programs and the installation of Abimstprarocvt.edTririnriigtarotitoonluseynsteem(Ts,NeTsp)e,caialclyomfomr tohnelyareuassedthaetxaprleosimveallfeorromr uilsietadrfyorahnodmine dguarsdtreinasl. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2016, 24(4): 278–292 need to use water more wisely and efficiently. A significant proportion of the water supplied to homes is used for irrigating lawn and garden areas (Maheshwari, Connellan 2005; Maheshwari 2012). There has been reasonable success in reducing the per capita indoor water use in Australia through various water conservation programs in the last ten years. Our understanding of outdoor water use for irrigation is limited, the effectiveness of irrigation practices employed by homeowners and opportunities that exist for water savings
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