Abstract
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is one of the more promising methods for syngas (synthetic gas) production and co-utilization of methane and carbon dioxide, which are the main greenhouse gases. Magnesium is commonly applied in a Ni-based catalyst in DRM to improve catalyst performance and inhibit carbon deposition. The aim of this review is to gain better insight into recent developments on the use of Mg as a support or promoter for DRM catalysts. Its high basicity and high thermal stability make Mg suitable for introduction into the highly endothermic reaction of DRM. The introduction of Mg as a support or promoter for Ni-based catalysts allows for good metal dispersion on the catalyst surface, which consequently facilitates high catalytic activity and low catalyst deactivation. The mechanism of DRM and carbon formation and reduction are reviewed. This work further explores how different constraints, such as the synthesis method, metal loading, pretreatment, and operating conditions, influence the dry reforming reactions and product yields. In this review, different strategies for enhancing catalytic activity and the effect of metal dispersion on Mg-containing oxide catalysts are highlighted.
Highlights
Global warming is a present critical issue resulting from the excessive production of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane (CO2 and CH4)
Three principal technologies used for the production of syngas are steam reforming [5,6,7], partial oxidation [8,9,10], and dry reforming of methane (DRM) [11,12,13]
DRM is yet to be commercialized on an industrial scale, as this method still has several issues and limitations, including the following: (i) the endothermic nature of the DRM reaction, (ii) catalyst deactivation, and (iii) the H2/CO product ratio is lower than unity due to the occurrence of a reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction, CO2 + H2 ↔ CO + H2O
Summary
Global warming is a present critical issue resulting from the excessive production of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane (CO2 and CH4). Numerous researchers have reported that noble metal-based catalysts, such as Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, and Ir, exhibit high activity and resistance toward carbon formation [19,20,21]. These noble metals are associated with high cost and low availability, so non-noble metals, such as Ni [18,22,23,24], Fe [25,26,27,28], and Co [29,30] are most often used. A high dispersion of metal particles enhances the interaction between metal and support, reducing carbon deposition [40,41,42,43,44]
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