Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of metal-oxide-based regular perovskite solar cells have been higher than 25% for more than 2 years. Up to now, the PCEs of polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells are widely lower than 23%. PEDOT:PSS thin films, modified PTAA thin films and P3CT thin films are widely used as the hole transport layer or hole modification layer of the highlyefficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with regular perovskite solar cells, polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells can be fabricated under relatively low temperatures. However, the intrinsic characteristics of carrier transportation in the two types of solar cells are different, which limits the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. Thanks to the low activation energies for the formation of high-quality perovskite crystalline thin films, it is possible to manipulate the optoelectronic properties by controlling the crystal orientation with the different polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates. To achieve the higher PCE, the effects of polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates on the optoelectronic properties and the formation of perovskite crystalline thin films have to be completely understood simultaneously.
Highlights
Conductive polymers are widely used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as the hole transport layer (HTL) due to their high transparency, large work function and high carrier mobility [1–6]
The PEDOT:PSS thin film was used in the first inverted perovskite solar cells, which resulted in a moderate power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.9% [20]
The PCE values of PEDOT:PSS-based inverted perovskite solar cells are lower than 20%, mainly due to the relatively low VOC and fill factor (FF) [25–30], which are originated from the potential loss at the perovskite/PEDOT:PSS interface
Summary
Conductive polymers are widely used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as the hole transport layer (HTL) due to their high transparency, large work function and high carrier mobility [1–6]. (P3CT)-based thin films have been widely used to replace the PEDOT:PSS thin films, which can increase the VOC and FF of the resultant perovskite solar cells simultaneously [31–34]. It can be explained as being due to the reductions of potential loss and carrier recombination in the perovskite layer and at the perovskite/HTL interface [35–38]. The surface properties of HTL dominate the grain size, surface roughness and crystal orientation of the resultant perovskite thin films and thereby influence the contact quality at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface.
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