Abstract
The ionic concentration (cion) is demonstrated to play a critical role for the operation of wide-gap light-emitting electrochemical cells. p-type and n-type doped regions are observed to grow from the anode and cathode, respectively, and form a light-emitting p-n junction when cion≥0.1 ions/conjugated-polymer repeat unit. For lower cion, the doped regions come to a full stop before making contact and forming a p-n junction due to an ion-depletion effect. Finally, the n-type doped polymer is observed to be unstable over time under inert conditions, suggesting that a chemical side reaction between the n-type doped polymer and the electrolyte takes place.
Published Version
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