Understanding the morphological and genetic distinctiveness of the Spanish pouter pigeons: the Marchenero Pouter as a case study

Abstract

Domestic species are excellent examples of the great adaptive potential of animal species under strong selective pressure. Among them, domestic pigeons (Columba liviavardomestica) represent one of the first domesticated bird species. Artificial selection through centuries, together with the multipurpose use of this species, has led to an extraordinary phenotypic diversity among breeds. Here, the morphometric and genetic diversity of Marchenero Pouter, one of the oldest and most representative pouter breeds in Spain, was analysed and compared with other Spanish pouter breeds. Nine morphometric variables were measured in four breeds, for which we detected significant differences in the weight, wing length and tail length in the Marchenero Pouter. Genetic analyses were conducted using 10 microsatellite loci. The statistically significant genetic differences found in Marchenero Pouter in comparison with other Spanish pouter breeds in this study provide sufficient evidence to recognize it as an independent pouter breed. In addition, Marchenero Pouter showed low genetic diversity compared with other pigeon breeds from this and previous studies. Our results provide valuable information about the current status of Marchenero Pouter, which could be used to preserve this unique breed.