Abstract
Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the mechanism and function of copper P-TYPE ATPases. The catalytic cycle of P-type ATPases is represented generally by the coupled reaction of ATP hydrolysis, transient phosphorylation of an invariant aspartate residue, and cation translocation across the lipid bilayer. The catalytic cycle of calcium P-type ATPases is regarded as a paradigm for heavy metal P-type ATPases (HMPAs). An important characteristic of P-type ATPases is their ability to be transiently phosphorylated at the invariant aspartate residue by inorganic orthophosphate in the absence of the cation. Copper P-type ATPases have evolved from the largely detoxifying role in unicellular organisms to satisfying the physiological requirements of multicellular differentiated systems. This chapter also reviews the copper homeostasis, with particular emphasis on the role of mammalian copper P-type ATPases. The studies on physiological and biochemical properties of mammalian ATP7A and ATP7B suggest that the combination of copper-translocating activity and copper-stimulated trafficking is a key regulator of intracellular copper homeostasis by these transporters.
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