Abstract
In yeast, aging is widely understood as the decline of physiological function and the decreasing ability to adapt to environmental changes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an important model organism for the investigation of these processes. Yeast is used in industrial processes (beer and wine production), and several stress conditions can influence its intracellular aging processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on applied stress conditions, such as osmotic pressure, primary metabolites (e.g., ethanol), low pH, oxidative stress, heat on aging indicators, age-related physiological changes, and yeast longevity. There is clear evidence that yeast cells are exposed to many stressors influencing viability and vitality, leading to an age-related shift in age distribution. Currently, there is a lack of rapid, non-invasive methods allowing the investigation of aspects of yeast aging in real time on a single-cell basis using the high-throughput approach. Methods such as micromanipulation, centrifugal elutriator, or biotinylation do not provide real-time information on age distributions in industrial processes. In contrast, innovative approaches, such as non-invasive fluorescence coupled flow cytometry intended for high-throughput measurements, could be promising for determining the replicative age of yeast cells in fermentation and its impact on industrial stress conditions.
Highlights
Yeasts are indispensable organisms in various industrial processes, such as wine, cider, and beer making and, more recently, in biofuel production
According to the currently available literature, the aging process of yeast cells depends on epigenomic integrity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and damaged proteins due to stressors, such as sugar, salt, pH value, ethanol, heat, and mechanics
There is limited research concerning the cumulative effect of multiple stressors in yeast cells during industrial processes
Summary
Yeasts are indispensable organisms in various industrial processes, such as wine, cider, and beer making and, more recently, in biofuel production. Many single-cell organisms propagate by symmetrical splitting into two virtually identical entities that do not age and are, considered potentially immortal. While these cells can die due to non-age-related causes, such as disease or injury, they do not die due to senescence (Petralia et al, 2014). Aging and age-associated physiological processes have been intensively investigated in numerous scientific studies in recent years (Leupold et al, 2019; Chen et al, 2020; Kim and Benayoun, 2020) Given this fact, three major theories, namely the reactive oxygen species
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
