Abstract
A total of 170 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) accessions were evaluated using both simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated using genotyping-by-sequencing (GbS), of which 56 accessions were collected from West and East Java. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), population structure, and cluster analysis suggest that the East Java accessions could be a result of the introduction of selected West Java accessions. In addition, the current Indonesian accessions were likely introduced from Southern Africa, which would have produced a very marked founding effect such that these accessions present only a fraction of the genetic variability that exists within this species.
Highlights
IntroductionInformation on the origins of the original introduction(s) of germplasm into Indonesia are important for crop improvement and breeding programs in Indonesia, in order to widen the genetic base and to introduce new traits of value to farmers
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc; 2n = 2x = 22) belongs to the leguminousFabaceae family with Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Niger and Togo reported to be the main cultivation areas, producing approximately 180MT from 250,000 ha, annually (FAOSTAT, 2017)
Understanding the ancestral origin of germplasm and the genetic base conserved in situ by the bambara groundnut farmers in Indonesia would facilitate the development of a structured breeding programme
Summary
Information on the origins of the original introduction(s) of germplasm into Indonesia are important for crop improvement and breeding programs in Indonesia, in order to widen the genetic base and to introduce new traits of value to farmers This is one area where molecular genetic tools could help to reveal the likely source of the introduction of bambara groundnut to Indonesia. Understanding the ancestral origin of germplasm and the genetic base conserved in situ by the bambara groundnut farmers in Indonesia would facilitate the development of a structured breeding programme. This would shed light on how this crop has adapted to local humid growing conditions
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