Abstract
Understanding the effects of nutrition and post-exercise nutrition on skeletal muscle protein turnover: Insights from stable isotope studies
Highlights
Skeletal muscle is a remarkably plastic tissue that can change its phenotype in response to changes in loading demands
In this review we focus on the use of these stable isotopically-labeled tracers to unravel the intricacies of skeletal muscle protein turnover in response to specific nutritional interventions
We focus on the application of stable isotope tracers to elucidate the impact of protein ingestion and exercise on skeletal muscle protein turnover in humans (Fig. 1)
Summary
Skeletal muscle is a remarkably plastic tissue that can change its phenotype in response to changes in loading demands. Active adults, assuming adequate intakes of protein, periods of postabsorptive catabolism remain in dynamic equilibrium with periods of postprandial anabolism over a 24hr period and muscle mass is maintained This is likely true in fully grown adults in their third decade of life and onward into their fourth and possibly fifth decade; at a certain point NPBAL begins to shift toward a net negative state and muscle is slowly lost. Once changes in individual protein abundance and FSR are obtained by D2O ingestion and alanine labelling, the absolute rate of individual protein breakdown can be calculated by difference This allows researchers to circumvent issues associated with bulk MPB measurements using the tracer dilution technique (i.e. the need for a physiological steady-state) and multiple biopsies during the dilution of the tracer [10,11]. Given the breadth of information on this topic, and the consideration of distinct clinical populations in accompanying reviews in this special issue, we limit our discussion primarily to healthy young and older adults without existing clinical comorbidities
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