Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is a crucial step to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of milk oligosaccharides free from simple sugars. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects temperature (25.9 to 54.1 °C) and amount of enzyme (0.17 to 0.32% w/w) at 1, 2, and 4 h of reaction on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, preservation of major goat whey oligosaccharides, and on the de-novo formation of oligosaccharides. Lactose hydrolysis above 99% was achieved at 1, 2, and 4 h, not being significantly affected by temperature and amount of enzyme within the tested conditions. Formation of 4 Hexose (Hex) and 4 Hex 1 Hex and an increased de-novo formation of 2 Hex 1 N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid (NeuAc) and 2 Hex 1 N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was observed in all treatments. Overall, processing conditions using temperatures ≤40 °C and enzyme concentration ≤0.25% resulted in higher preservation/formation of goat whey oligosaccharides.
Highlights
Milk oligosaccharides are sugars found in all mammalian species and possess diverse biological functions
Alternative sources of human milk-like oligosaccharides have been identified in domestic animals such as bovine and caprine milk
The overall objective of the present research was to maximize the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by A. oryzae β-galactosidase while achieving maximum preservation of biologically important caprine milk oligosaccharide (CMO)
Summary
Milk oligosaccharides are sugars found in all mammalian species and possess diverse biological functions. These sugars are not digested by the suckling infant, remaining intact until they reach the large intestine where they are fermented and stimulate the growth of health-promoting bacteria. Functional studies, are limited due to the restricted supply of human milk as a source of oligosaccharides for large-scale isolation. Alternative sources of human milk-like oligosaccharides have been identified in domestic animals such as bovine and caprine milk. The levels of oligosaccharides in the milk of domestic mammals, are much lower than the ones in human milk, typically less than 1.0 g·L−1 [6], which demands the development and application of enrichment methods to purify these biologically active sugars
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