Understanding the Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreak: Structure, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment

Abstract

Currently, mankind is fighting against an invisible enemy. The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been spreading at a rapid rate across the world, which made the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it as pandemic disease. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory tract infection that was first reported in December 2019, initially presented as pneumonia of unknown etiology in a group of patients in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. Sometimes, animals infected with coronavirus infect humans and spread further via human-to-human transmission similar to the case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously referred to as 2019-nCoV (COVID-19). SARS-- CoV-2 is an extremely pathogenic virus and is crushing the well-equipped health systems of developed countries. According to the WHO situation report updated on October 25, 2020 over 42 million cases and 1.1 million deaths have been reported globally. Since the figure of cases continues to increase, these viruses create a threat to global public health. This review summarizes an overview of the study of the novel coronavirus, including origin, epidemiology, etiology, targets for viral entry, and describes the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and therapeutics used in clinical settings. Furthermore, our review focuses on the most up-to-date clinical information for the effective management, prevention, and counseling to control COVID-19 worldwide.