Understanding the Access to Fuels and Technologies for Cooking in Peru

Judith Ramírez-Candia,Maria Dolores Curt,Javier Domínguez

doi:10.3390/en15041456

Abstract

There is global concern regarding access to energy, especially in developing countries, as set forth in the Sustainable Development Goals. Although Peru is classified as an emerging economy and would be expected to have achieved full energy coverage, the status of the access to fuels in Peru is unknown. The objective of this study was to comprehensively document the instruments and the progress made on the issue of access to modern fuels and technologies for cooking in Peru to explain the current situation and to highlight the main challenges that the country must face to achieve total access to modern energy sources. A comprehensive literature review was carried out for this work, covering a wide range of publications from 1983 to 2019. A total of 18 political and economic instruments and 95 voluntary instruments were analyzed. It made it possible to build a historical series of the main events leading to access to modern cooking fuels in Peru and to identify eight key challenges. The results show that the country has made remarkable progress in recent years, but this progress is not enough to close the access gap. Therefore, seems advisable to act on the current policy framework, formulate more inclusive policies, promote unified institutional efforts and generate technological options that respond to territory and population as diverse as Peru.

Highlights

There is global concern in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations by 2030
Parameters of use and the adoption of technologies have been included in the technical attributes to evaluate them, and they have been re-defined as Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) [3]
Based on the data available for the period studied, our analysis shows that Peru has changed its fuel consumption structure at the household level, moving from traditional biomass fuels to mainly liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Summary

Introduction

There is global concern in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations by 2030. There is no single internationally adopted definition of modern energy access, in the case of clean cooking, this refers to access to fossil fuels such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and to electricity, and the use of more technologically advanced cooking systems than open fires or stone stoves, such as improved biomass stoves (ICS) and gas cooking stoves. These options are generally characterized by lower air pollutant emissions, better technical attributes for combustion, and higher efficiencies, as compared to the use of traditional open-fire cooking [2,3]. Energy transition to modern fuels continues to be promoted within a global framework that pursues sustainable development, in which a rapid abandonment of fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas, is necessary by 2050 [5]

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