Understanding support and opposition to wind turbine development in Ontario, Canada and assessing possible steps for future development

Abstract

Wind turbine development in Ontario, Canada has been met with opposition yet will likely continue given broader environmental and economic forces. Ontario has ceased the use of coal for electricity generation and the populace has indicated that increased nuclear capacity is undesirable; renewables are a viable alternative. This paper captures experiences with and opinions of wind turbines in politicians and community members to determine which characteristics of development led to acceptance or opposition towards wind turbines, and which changes to policy and decision-making processes may address opposition. A constant-comparison case study, based largely on in-depth interviewing, was conducted with 24 participants who were MPPs, members of local government, and community members. The findings centre on two emergent themes: concerns with current decision-making processes, and options for addressing these concerns though changes to policy and development processes. Key findings were that perceived inequalities (between neighbours, within communities, and within the province) were the main source of opposition related to wind turbines and that future development may be more amenable if partnered with increased compensation or community ownership. Community members were absolutist in their opposition compared to politicians who identified advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines.