Abstract
Catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane (VAM) is a potential solution for abatement of this greenhouse gas. In this study, we evaluate the combustion of VAM (with methane concentrations below 1%) spanning over 100 h time on stream (TOS) during reaction over a Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst. The aim is to understand the structural changes that lead to catalyst deactivation. We observe the formation of carbonaceous deposits even under oxygen-rich conditions, which are an important contributor to deactivation. X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) investigation shows that, in addition to carbon deposits, the growth of Pd oxide clusters leads to a reduced number of accessible sites and in turn intrinsic activity. STEM-EDS analysis disclosed the presence of the carbonaceous deposit on the surface of the used catalyst, and TGA confirmed the presence of different carbon species on the used catalyst under very lean conditions. Structural changes show that Pd–O/acid–base interactions have a significant influence on the...
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