Abstract
To date, no results have been published regarding cluster analysis of risk factors for cancer in Poland. Many cancer deaths are preventable through the modification of cancer risk behaviours. This study explores the multidisciplinary connection between lifestyle, environment and socio-economic status (SES). Cluster analyses indicate that major metropolitan areas and large industrial regions differ significantly in terms of SES, lifestyle and environment when compared with other parts of Poland. Our findings show that in order for interventions to be effective, cancer-prevention policy should be addressed on both local and national scales. While anti-cancer policies in Poland’s industrial regions should focus on air pollution, the country’s northern regions should aim to curb smoking, increase sports activity and improve SES. Policy interventions must target the root causes of cancer in each region of Poland and must account for SES.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of death responsible for taking the lives of one in six or a total of 9.6 million people worldwide in 2018 [1]
This study aims to fill this gap by investigating regional differences in socio-economic status (SES) in Poland combined with lifestyle and environment
Because research conducted by the European Environment Agency (EEA) finds that “air pollution is a major cause of premature death and disease and is the single largest environmental health risk” [48], this paper focuses on air pollution in Poland
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of death responsible for taking the lives of one in six or a total of 9.6 million people worldwide in 2018 [1]. In an effort to fast-track the overall aims of cancer research, including improved prevention, detection and new therapy development, US Congress allocated 500 million USD to the Cancer Moonshot Research Initiatives 2017–2025 [5]. In 2009, the European Commission (EC) launched a joint action on “European Partnership for Action Against Cancer” (EPAAC), focused on facilitating cooperation and sharing experiences among the EU member states in the area of cancer control policies [7]. Intended to help policy-makers in the EU member states design national cancer control programmes [8], the key output of this partnership was the release of the European Guide for Quality National Cancer Control Programmes. The EU has introduced mission-oriented research [9,10] through its Horizon Europe Framework Programme which features cancer as one of five key missions for European research policy in 2021-2027. To facilitate effective implementation of these strategies, empirical evidence is needed to better understand the risk factors for cancer
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