Understanding poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation using gas-mediated simulated recycling

Abstract

While mechanical recycling is a key enabler of a plastics circular economy, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is highly susceptible to degradation during melt processing. Through rheology-simulated and extrusion recycling experiments we demonstrate that the degradation of PET during high temperature processing can be understood and mitigated by control of gaseous environment. Processing under nitrogen induces up-shifts in melt viscosity and molecular weights by up to 20%. By contrast, the presence of oxygen initiates chain scission reactions, decreasing molecular weight and viscosity. Carbon dioxide plasticises the PET melt, offering the potential for improved processing and property retention. Expanding experiments to nitrogen-oxygen mixed-gas systems, we identify the presence of two distinct regimes associated with chain growth and scission which are subsequently tuned by controlling the oxygen concentration of the environment. This research facilitates a simple, additive-free approach to improving PET recyclability, thus enabling improved circularity of an often-challenging plastic material to recycle.