Abstract
Simple SummaryColistin is a last resort drug for the treatment of infection caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Different studies have uncovered the negative impact of colistin consumption in animals. Therefore, it has become essential to monitor the dosing regimens of colistin and assess their negative effects. The current review intends to provide brief information of colistin usage and its associated negative impact and discuss available techniques to detect colistin in animal-based food so that effective preventive measures can be taken to minimize the health risks in both animals and humans.Progress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detection.
Highlights
Simple Summary: Colistin is a last resort drug for the treatment of infection caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Colistin has been identified as an imperative alternative for multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative microbes
Emergence of colistin-resistant strainstest hasfor created the residues havok as(STAR), it is the was last developed resort for to analyze the milk samples spiked with eight different concentrations of colistin according to the treating infection
Summary
Salmonella enteric serovar infantis is one of the leading serovars among the top five Salmonella serovars involved in human infections in Europe [8]. It is most frequently detected in broilers (45.6%). Broiler meat (47.4%), as compared with other meats, which may be complicated by the substantial highly drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is threatening the efficacy of colistin [7] This has led to development of colistin resistance mediated by the transposable and plasmid-borne mcr genes that have been reported worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae from both humans and food-producing animals’ samples.
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