Abstract
With the rapid development of wind power generation, the inertial response of wind turbines (WTs) has become a topic of wide concern recently, due to its influence on grid frequency dynamics and stability. This paper proposes and defines the inner potential to summarize and understand the inertia control methods and inertial response of type-3 and type-4 WTs, which is analogous to typical synchronous generators (SGs), to make it more easy to understand by system operators and engineers with a traditional power system background. The dynamics of the defined inner potential of the wind turbine without any inertia control is different from SGs, thus the electromechanical inertia is completely hidden. The rapid power control loop and synchronization control loop are the major reasons that the WT’s inertial response is disenabled. On the basis of the defined inner potential’s dynamic, the existing inertia control method for WTs are reviewed and summarized as three approaches, i.e., optimizing the power control or synchronization control or both. At last, the main challenges and issues of these inertia controls are attempted to explain and address.
Highlights
The installed wind power generation capacity is growing rapidly
wind turbines (WTs) have enough kinetic energy stored in the turbine rotor for inertial response which is the basis for inertial response, additional power storage is usually unnecessary, but due to the fact the phase motion dynamics of WT’s defined inner potential is different from typical synchronous generators (SGs), the electromechanical inertia of WTs is fully hidden, there is no inertial response from typical type-3 and type-4 WTs on the electromechanical time scale
In order to release the inertial response of WTs, the dynamic response of phase-locked loop (PLL) can disturbance in grid
Summary
The installed wind power generation capacity is growing rapidly. For example, in 2015 the added capacity of wind power generation was 30.5 GW [1,2] and the total capacity reached 145.1 GW in. Wind turbines (WTs) to enable the inertial response of WTs. For example, the df/dt [13] is added into WT’s torque reference to respond and improve grid frequency change rate (df/dt), which is a Energies 2017, 10, 22; doi:10.3390/en10010022 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Have roundly summarized and analyzed the existing inertia control methods for wind turbines. This paper presents a review of the inertia control methods to enable the inertial response of WTs defined inner potential and similar to the rotor swing of the synchronous generator, which is the major from the perspective of the WT’s defined inner potential and similar to the rotor swing of the novelty of this paper. In particular the hidden inertial response of WTs is explained typical synchronous generators (SGs).
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