Abstract
Goal: The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies through the lens of practitioners and scholars with considerable expertise in this field.
 Design / Methodology / Approach: A qualitative research was conducted based on seven semi-structured interviews guided by an open questionnaire, which was developed with the main goal of understanding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the technologies that compose this industrial phenomenon.
 Results: Based on this methodology, a cognitive map is presented as the result and final product of this study. This cognitive map is composed of five different clusters, each one represented by different colors, which relate to each of the questions in the questionnaire. Our analysis provides a better understanding of (i) the main concepts of Industry 4.0; (ii) the implementation stages for companies; (iii) the main enabling technologies; (iv) the concept of M2M (machine-to-machine); and (v) the scenario in Brazil. Each one of the clusters enables a discussion by bringing what is in the literature on the topic.
 Limitations of the investigation: The main limitations of the article are found in the subjectivity of the results and also in the scarcity in the literature related to some topics covered in the clusters.
 Practical implications: This research can be potentially useful for practitioners, since it sheds light on the Industry 4.0 concept and how technologies are used to integrate processes.
 Originality / Value: The clusters answers of the cognitive map allowed comparisons with the literature and a discussion about Industry 4.0, making it possible to direct and check gaps in the research.
Highlights
Information is a set of organized data, which constitutes a message about a particular event or phenomenon
Interviews Most men oned word selec on Interviewee 5 was selected because he is the CEO of a company that has been offering systems and software for more than 10 years
The methodology begins at the “Fieldwork” phase with the definition of the interviewees
Summary
Information is a set of organized data, which constitutes a message about a particular event or phenomenon. Acquiring a significant amount of information about a particular subject and determining what pieces are relevant constitutes a difficulty that organizations have to face (Shaabany et al, 2016) In this sense, data science has recently emerged as a way to support decision makers in assessing the usefulness of information by how often words or data on a particular subject are available (Nelson et al, 2001). The 4th Industrial Revolution, known as Industry 4.0, has as its starting point the connectivity and the complete availability of information for all actors within the organizations through concepts such as the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems and cloud computing (Gilchrist, 2016; Jeschke et al, 2017) These concepts are based on the premise of the connectivity between the physical and digital elements as well as the decentralized decision-making of the machines from the information captured and processed by them in real time (Brettel et al, 2014; Herman et al, 2016). Many studies have been conducted and published about the operability of Industry 4.0 technologies and how it enhances industrial performance (e.g. Dalenogare et al, 2018), while the lack of definitions regarding Industry 4.0 allows for discussion, as pointed out by several authors (e.g. Jazdi, 2014; Lasi et al, 2014; Möller, 2016; Bartodziej, 2017)
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