Understanding India-Pakistan water politics since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty

Abstract

On 19 September 1960, the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was signed between India and Pakistan, presumably resolving the conflict of Indus water sharing. Nevertheless, over the years the conflict has re-appeared, dragging both the riparian states into confrontation. This paper explores the reasons that lead to conflict despite the Indus water sharing having already been resolved by the IWT. Analysis of the documentation shows that increasing construction of hydropower projects by India instigates conflict between the riparian states. The paper also analyzes two variables that will actualize the possibility of further conflict if correct steps are not taken. The paper concludes in ascertaining the credibility of the IWT to precisely address the challenges vis-à-vis issues that have resurfaced in Indus water sharing.