Abstract
Understanding Gas Vesicles and Its Scope in Biotechnological Applications
Highlights
Gas vesicles are gas permeable membrane bound proteinaceous organelles forming integral parts of the gas vacuole
Gas vacuoles comprise of aggregates of gas vesicles which is known as hollow bodies, aerosomes, pseudo vacuoles and floatation bodies [1]. These vesicles are small, inert, low density and hollow gas filled proteinaceous intracellular organelles found in several microbes such as cyanobacteria, proteobacteria and archaea which imparts them with selective advantages for environmental adaptation [2]
Gas vesicle provide buoyancy so that bacteria can move towards oxygen-rich surface areas in hypersaline environments and for energy (ATP) synthesis driven by light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin
Summary
Gas vesicles are gas permeable membrane bound proteinaceous organelles forming integral parts of the gas vacuole. These vesicles are found in various microbes and play an important role in buoyancy, thereby enabling them to adapt to various environmental conditions. Its synthesis is mediated by gvp gene cluster where GvpA is the main structural protein forming the core vesicle and is highly conserved while GvpC is another supporting protein providing the strength to the vesicle. Numerous applications that require enhanced oxygen transfer rate in bacterial/yeast/fungal/mammalian cell cultures, ultrasound imaging, antigen presentation, drug delivery system and vaccine development can be attempted by modifying the gene cluster as a “BioBrick” enabling engineering microbes for better functionalities and engineering localization of proteins/enzymes for in vivo immobilizations
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