Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is a serious challenge toward societal well-being. Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz (known locally as Minni payaru), is an underutilized legume that has the potential to be a global food legume due to its rich nutrient profile. In the present study, 99 accessions of V. stipulacea were tested for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), protein, and phytate concentrations over two locations for appraisal of stable nutrient-rich sources. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype for all the traits over both locations. Fe concentration ranged from 29.35–130.96 mg kg–1 whereas Zn concentration ranged from 19.44 to 74.20 mg kg–1 across both locations. The highest grain Ca concentration was 251.50 mg kg–1 whereas the highest grain protein concentration was recorded as 25.73%. In the case of grain phytate concentration, a genotype with the lowest value is desirable. IC622867 (G-99) was the lowest phytate containing accession at both locations. All the studied traits revealed highly significant genotypic variances and highly significant genotype × location interaction though less in magnitude than the genotypic variance. GGE Biplot analysis detected that, for grain Fe, Zn, and Ca concentration the ‘ideal’ genotypes were IC331457 (G-75), IC331610 (G-76), and IC553564 (G-60), respectively, whereas for grain protein concentration IC553521 (G-27) was the most “ideal type.” For phytate concentration, IC351407 (G-95) and IC550523 (G-99) were considered as ‘ideal’ and ‘desirable,’ respectively. Based on the desirability index, Location 1 (Kanpur) was identified as ideal for Fe, Zn, Ca, and phytate, and for grain protein concentration, Location 2 (New Delhi) was the ideal type. A significant positive correlation was detected between grain Fe as well as grain Zn and protein concentration considering the pooled analysis over both the locations where as a significant negative association was observed between phytate and protein concentration over the locations. This study has identified useful donors and enhanced our knowledge toward the development of biofortified Vigna cultivars. Promoting domestication of this nutrient-rich semi-domesticated, underutilized species will boost sustainable agriculture and will contribute toward alleviating hidden hunger.
Highlights
Micronutrient deficiency (MNDs) or “Hidden hunger” is considered a global crisis affecting more than 2 billion people in the developing countries of South Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Bouis et al, 2013; Kumssa et al, 2015; Migliozzi et al, 2015; Wakeel et al, 2018)
Mean performance regarding grain micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Ca, and protein) and phytate concentration of 99 V. stipulacea genotypes are presented in Supplementary Table S1
GGE biplot analysis revealed the incongruous performance of the genotypes for most of the traits except grain Ca concentration, suggesting precise phenotyping of the traits in a testing location with specific adaptation
Summary
Micronutrient deficiency (MNDs) or “Hidden hunger” is considered a global crisis affecting more than 2 billion people in the developing countries of South Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Bouis et al, 2013; Kumssa et al, 2015; Migliozzi et al, 2015; Wakeel et al, 2018). It was estimated of the major micronutrients that 60% of the world’s population is iron (Fe) deficient, over 30% are zinc (Zn) deficient, and 12.2% are protein deficient (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation [FAO], 2014; Stein, 2014). Substantial variability should be available in the germplasm set in terms of grain micronutrient concentrations as well as knowledge regarding inheritance pattern and genetic relationship of these micronutrients in the targeted crop (Upadhyaya et al, 2012, 2016; Velu et al, 2014; Phuke et al, 2017)
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