Abstract
Federations are not static; they are constantly being modified and adjusted to accommodate pressures, both from outside and from within. Creation of federal structures is a 'matter of concrete actions at specific times.' Federal structures were created in Belgium because of the need to deal with existing conflicts. In Belgium, federation was intended to ease internal tensions and prevent any potential for conflict. As Deschouwer notes, federation was not the result of 'a deliberate choice, but of incremental conflict management.' This article analyses federal institutional design of Belgium. It sheds light on the internal dynamics that paved the way for federalisation of Belgium. The purpose of this article is to understand the main features of the Belgian federal architecture, how it functions and how it has evolved over time.
Highlights
While Belgium on the battlefield in Dixmude.18 as whole was heterogeneous, most of its According to Erk, the first major event population lived in linguistically homogenous causing political conflict in Belgium after territories; for example, 95 per cent of the World War II was the return of Leopold III to population in Antwerp spoke Dutch or the throne
Belgian Constitution stated that the use of Two, could return to the country and resume language was unconditional, French became the throne after being absent during the the language of the administration and the liberation of Belgium from German judiciary
Political crises arising discrepancies between Flanders and Wallonia; from the non-formation of the central secondly, crises related to the federal design, governments following the 2010 elections interdependent environment, federalism illuminated the deep divisions in its political without a master plan; thirdly, a polarised landscapes
Summary
Federations are not static; they are constantly being modified and adjusted to accommodate pressures, both from outside and from within. The Belgian Constitution does not per se positions. define the official language(s) of the country, The third reform resulted in giving but Article 4 stipulates that Belgium comprises substantial legislative powers to regions and four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking communities in education, scientific research, Region, the French-speaking Region, the transport and public works.. The Belgian Constitution does not per se positions. define the official language(s) of the country, The third reform resulted in giving but Article 4 stipulates that Belgium comprises substantial legislative powers to regions and four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking communities in education, scientific research, Region, the French-speaking Region, the transport and public works.36 During this bilingual Region of Brussels-Capital and the stage, a new system of financing the regions German-speaking Region. The current Government that was constituted in 2014 has nine ministers including the Minister-President
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