Abstract
The aim of the present research was to analyze the farmers’ intention towards participation in the management and conservation of wetlands through the lens of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). To do this, a cross-sectional survey of Iranian farmers was carried out. To select the samples, a multi-stage random sampling process with a proportional assignment was employed. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified using various quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results of the extended TPB using structural equation modeling showed that four variables, namely moral norms of participation in management and conservation (MNPMC), attitude towards participation in management and conservation (APMC), subjective norms towards participation in management and conservation (SNPMC), and self-concept about participation in management and conservation (SCPMC) had positive and significant impacts on intention towards participation in management and conservation (IPMC). The results also revealed that that entering MNPMC and SCPMC into TPB could increase its explanatory power. Also, the fit indicators supported the extended TPB. From a practical point of view, the present study provides justifications and insights for the use of MNPMC, APMC, SNPMC, and SCPMC in policies and programs intended to encourage farmers and local communities to participate in wetlands management and conservation.
Highlights
Wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth [1]
The present study extends the original version of theory of planned behavior (TPB) by adding the self-concept about participation in management and conservation (SCPMC) and moral norms of participation in management and conservation (MNPMC) to the analysis
(r = 0.547; p < 0.01), and MNPMC (r = 0.709; p < 0.01) had positive and significant correlations with IPMC. These correlations mean that increasing or strengthening these five variables can lead to enhancing the IPMC
Summary
Wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth [1]. There are about1280 million hectares of wetlands around the world, which include inland and coastal wetlands such as lakes, rivers, swamps, and constructed wetlands such as rice fields and reservoirs [2]. Wetlands are water-saturated soils [3] that include flowing, fresh, brackish, and saline water bodies. Wetlands contain a part with marine water that has a depth not exceeding six meters at low tides [4,5]. Wetlands, with their numerous plants, animals, and microorganisms, play a crucial role in conserving global biodiversity. With their numerous plants, animals, and microorganisms, play a crucial role in conserving global biodiversity Their sustainable conservation and management can play a key role in achieving 17 goals of the Sustainable Development Agenda of the United
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