Understanding Electric Power Systems

Abstract

Preface to the Second Edition. Acknowledgments. CHAPTER 1 Benefits of Electric Power and a History of theElectric Power Industry. 1.1 Societal Benefits of Electricity. 1.2 Origin of the Industry. 1.3 Development of the National Electric Power Grid. 1.4 The Golden Age. 1.5 Global Warming Crisis and Concerns about CarbonEmissions. 1.6 Restructuring, Competition, and the Industry OwnershipStructure. CHAPTER 2 Electric Power System. 2.1 Customers. 2.2 Sources of the Electric Energy Generation. 2.3 Delivery System. CHAPTER 3 Basic Electric Power Concepts. 3.1 Electric Energy. 3.2 Concepts Relating to the Flow of Electricity. 3.3 Characteristics of AC Systems. 3.4 Ohm's Law for Alternating Current. 3.5 Power in Alternating Current Circuits. 3.6 Power Flow. 3.7 Stability. CHAPTER 4 Electric Energy Consumption. 4.1 End Uses for Electricity. 4.2 Customer Classes. 4.3 Rate Classes. 4.4 Demand and Energy. 4.5 System Load. 4.6 Reactive Load. 4.7 Losses and Unaccounted-For Energy in the DeliverySystem. 4.8 Forecasts. CHAPTER 5 Electric Power Generation and Concerns AboutGreenhouse Gases. 5.1 Generation's Role. 5.2 Types of Generation. 5.3 Thermal Conversion: Using Fuel as the Energy Resource. 5.4 Thermal Conversion: Nonfuel Heat Sources. 5.5 Mechanical Energy Conversion. 5.6 Renewable Technologies and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 5.7 Characteristics of Generating Plants. 5.8 Capital Cost of Generation. 5.9 Generator Life Extension. 5.10 Technology of Generation. 5.11 System Needs and Evaluation of Intermittent Resources. CHAPTER 6 Technology of the Electric TransmissionSystem. 6.1 Components. 6.2 HVAC. 6.3 Substations. 6.4 HVDC. 6.5 Advantages of AC over DC Operation. 6.5 Knowledge Required of Transmission Systems. CHAPTER 7 Distribution. 7.1 Function of Distribution. 7.2 Primary Distribution Feeders. 7.3 Distribution Capacity. 7.4 Losses. 7.5 Distribution Facility Ratings. 7.6 Metering. 7.7 Control of Distribution Voltages. 7.8 Distribution System Reliability. 7.10 Quality of Service. 7.11 Design of Distribution Systems. 7.12 Distributed Generation. 7.13 Operation of Distribution Systems. 7.14 Smart Grids and Microgrids. CHAPTER 8 Energy Storage and Other New Technologies. 8.1 Energy Storage. 8.2 Energy Storage Concepts and Technologies. 8.3 Smart Grid. 8.4 New Nuclear Plant Designs. 8.5 Carbon Sequestration and Clean Coal Technologies. 8.6 Superconductors. CHAPTER 9 Reliability. 9.1 Causes of Outages. 9.2 Costs of Power Outages. 9.3 Ways to Measure Reliability. 9.4 Planning and Operating a Reliable and Adequate PowerSystem. 9.5 Summary. CHAPTER 10 Physical Network: North American ElectricReliability Corporation (NERC) and Its Standards. 10.1 NERC as Electric Reliability Organization. 10.2 NERC Standards. 10.3 Development of Standards. CHAPTER 11 Physical Network: Operation of the ElectricBulk Power. 11.1 Balancing Authorities. 11.2 Reliability Coordinators. 11.3 Transmission Operators. 11.4 Voltage and Reactive Control. 11.5 Emergencies. 11.6 Information Exchange. CHAPTER 12 Physical Network: Planning of the ElectricBulk Power System. 12.1 Planning Standards. 12.2 Generation Planning. 12.3 Transmission Planning. 12.4 Least Cost Planning. 12.5 New Planning Environment. CHAPTER 13 Regulatory Network: Legislation. 13.1 Pricing and Regulation. 13.2 Federal Legislation. 13.3 Federal Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA). 13.4 Federal Power Act. 13.5 Other 1930 Federal Laws. 13.6 Department of Energy Organization Act. 13.7 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). 13.8 Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct02). 13.9 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct05). 13.10 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. 13.11 Environmental Laws. 13.12 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. CHAPTER 14 Regulatory Network: Regulators. 14.1 Regulators. CHAPTER 15 Information, Communication, and ControlNetwork and Security. 15.1 Smart Grid. 15.2 Financial and Business Operations. 15.3 System Operations. 15.4 Distribution Operations. 15.5 Cyber Security. 15.6 Nuclear Plant Security. CHAPTER 16 Fuel and Energy Network. 16.1 Resource Procurement. 16.2 Fuel Transportation. 16.3 Fuel Diversity. 16.4 Fossil Fuels Used. 16.5 Renewable Energy. 16.6 Fuel Purchasing. 16.7 Emission Rights. CHAPTER 17 Business Network: Market Participants. 17.1 Investment and Cost Recovery. 17.2 Changing Industry Structure. 17.3 New Structures. 17.4 New Corporate Ownership. CHAPTER 18 Money Network: Wholesale Markets. 18.1 Energy Markets. 18.2 Transmission. 18.3 Customer Late Issues. 18.4 Market versus Operational Control. 18.5 Market Power Issues. 18.6 Future. CHAPTER 19 Professional and IndustryOrganizations. 19.1 Professional Organizations. 19.2 Industry Associations. 19.3 Public Interest Groups. 19.4 Research Organizations. Index.