Abstract
Here, we analyze the dispersion behavior of revolver-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers, revealing that the chromatic dispersion of this type of fiber geometry is dominated by the resonances of the glass annuluses, whereas the actual arrangement of the anti-resonant microstructure has a minor impact. Based on these findings, we show that the dispersion behavior of the fundamental core mode can be approximated by that of a tube-type fiber, allowing us to derive analytic expressions for phase index, group-velocity dispersion and zero-dispersion wavelength. The resulting equations and simulations reveal that the emergence of zero group velocity dispersion in anti-resonant fibers is fundamentally associated with the adjacent annulus resonance which can be adjusted mainly via the glass thickness of the anti-resonant elements. Due to their generality and the straightforward applicability, our findings will find application in all fields addressing controlling and engineering of pulse dispersion in anti-resonant hollow core fibers.
Highlights
Hollow core fibers (HCFs) allow for efficiently guiding light and are intensively investigated since they allow for accessing previously inaccessible fields for fiber optics or to substantially improve device performance within areas such as mid-IR gas lasers [1,2], broadband light sources [3,4], nonlinear optical effects [5], high-power pulse delivery [6], gas and liquid analytics [7,8], and pulse compression [9]
Together with the results presented later, these findings suggest that chromatic dispersion in revolver-type fiber (RTF) is dominated by the impact of the strand resonances and hardly depends on the specific properties of the actual anti-resonant elements (ARE) used, suggesting that the dispersion behavior of the RTF geometry is identical to that of the most generic type of anti-resonant fiber geometry, the TTF geometry
We found that the spectral distributions of phase index and group velocity dispersion (GVD) strongly depend on central core diameter and annulus width, whereas the modal behavior is almost independent of diameter and number of AREs used
Summary
Hollow core fibers (HCFs) allow for efficiently guiding light and are intensively investigated since they allow for accessing previously inaccessible fields for fiber optics or to substantially improve device performance within areas such as mid-IR gas lasers [1,2], broadband light sources [3,4], nonlinear optical effects [5], high-power pulse delivery [6], gas and liquid analytics [7,8], and pulse compression [9]. The ARHCF geometry that is mostly addressed during recent times is the single-ring anti-resonant or revolver-type fiber (RTF) geometry [20,21,22,23,24,25], consisting of a finite number of thin-walled non-touching glass tubes arranged in a circle at constant azimuthal distances (Figure 1). We found that the behaviors of phase index, GVD and ZDW are dominated by the annulus resonances (i.e., ARE wall thickness) while the actual shape of the ARE-based cladding plays only a minor role These findings allowed us to approximate the mentioned dispersion parameters by those of the most generic type of ARHCF, the TTF geometry, which was numerically confirmed for all practically relevant situations. The annuluses are made from a dielectric material (typically silica glass), whereas a medium with a lower refractive index (typically gas) is located elsewhere
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