Abstract
In schizophrenia and related disorders, a deeper mechanistic understanding of neocortical dysfunction will be essential to developing new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. To this end, combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS/EEG) provides a non-invasive tool to simultaneously perturb and measure neurophysiological correlates of cortical function, including oscillatory activity, cortical inhibition, connectivity, and synchronization. In this review, we summarize the findings from a variety of studies that apply TMS/EEG to understand the fundamental features of cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. These results lend to future applications of TMS/EEG in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a mean lifetime prevalence of 1% (Kahn et al, 2015)
One study applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS/EEG) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and the results showed that short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was reduced in schizophrenia
In the ways described above, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-EEG offers a unique opportunity to directly test a variety of specific hypotheses pertaining to cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia
Summary
In schizophrenia and related disorders, a deeper mechanistic understanding of neocortical dysfunction will be essential to developing new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. To this end, combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS/EEG) provides a non-invasive tool to simultaneously perturb and measure neurophysiological correlates of cortical function, including oscillatory activity, cortical inhibition, connectivity, and synchronization. We summarize the findings from a variety of studies that apply TMS/EEG to understand the fundamental features of cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. These results lend to future applications of TMS/EEG in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
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