Abstract
Biotic stresses often constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses will facilitate efforts to improve stress tolerance and yields, especially in a climatically changing world. Numerous attempts have been made to confer tolerance/resistance to biotic stresses using both traditional and modern breeding methods. Mechanisms of biotic stress tolerance controlled by signalling networks and the analysis of genes controlling the yield and biotic stress tolerance are discussed. This review presents a report on the hormonal response of cassava to biotic stresses and the potential use of hyphenated analytical techniques to understand biotic stress hormonal responses. Hyphenated analytical techniques are reliable tools for understanding the response of cassava to biotic stresses, thereby accelerating the process of the development of biotic stress-tolerant/resistant genotypes for breeding purposes.
Highlights
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers globally, mainly for human consumption and as a cash crop [1,2]
Cassava brown streak disease is a cassava disease caused by the cassava brown streak virus of the genus Ipomovirus [31,32], which is transmitted by whiteflies [33]
This review article is an account of biotic stresses, diseases and insects of cassava, and the role of hormones jasmonic acid (JA), ET and salicylic acid (SA) in plant biotic stress responses
Summary
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers globally, mainly for human consumption and as a cash crop [1,2]. Cassava has become an attractive crop for resource poor farmers due to its ability to withstand harsh growing conditions compared to other crops like maize, rice, wheat and sorghum. Molecular methods to unravel the response of host plants to these stresses have played a major role in understanding the plant–biotic stressor interactions. Hyphenated techniques have become some of the utilised methods to unravel plant–biotic stressor interactions [7,8,9,10,11] These stresses include plant–insect pests and diseases, among others. Due to its ability to withstand growth under poor environmental conditions, cassava is one of the promoted staple crops globally after maize, rice, wheat and sorghum. Understanding the interactions of cassava and its biotic stressors is important in resolving responses to the host plant and biotic stress. Major cassava diseases include cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava bacterial blight (CBB) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) [3,4,5,16], while the major pests are whiteflies, cassava green mites (CGM) and cassava mealybugs (CMB) [6,17,18]
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