Abstract
In 1813, Thomas Jefferson in a letter to C. W. Peale advocated horizontal plowing: Our country is hilly and we have been in the habit of ploughing in straight rows whether up and down hill, in oblique lines, or however they lead; and our soil was all rapidly running into the rivers. Jefferson's 1813 letter demonstrates his awareness of the on- and off-site effects of soil erosion, the role of runoff in soil erosion, and the interaction of soil conservation, hydrology and crop production. Soil erosion research in the United States has been an evolving work. A major innovation in erosion research was the rainfall simulator, developed by L. D. Meyer, which approximated the drop size distributions and fall velocities of natural rainfall. The reason for trying to understand erosion processes and for predicting soil erosion is to efficiently and effectively control soil erosion.
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